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Jacobi Polynomial Transforms-Based Entropy Measures for Focal and Non-Focal EEG Signals Discrimination Using Kernel Machines
Laurent Chanel Djoufack Nkengfack,
Daniel Tchiotsop,
Romain Atangana,
Beaudelaire Saha Tchinda,
Valérie Louis-Door,
Didier Wolf
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
25-37
Received:
14 July 2021
Accepted:
23 July 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
Abstract: Electroencephalogram (EEG) remains the primary technique in the diagnosis and localization of partial epilepsy seizures. Despite the advent of modern neuroimaging techniques, the use of EEG signals for locating epilepsy-affected brain areas is still convenient. That is why during these last decades, several computer-aided detection (CAD) methodologies have been proposed to detect and discriminate focal (F) EEG signals, and hence locate epileptogenic foci. In this impetus, this paper applied Jacobi polynomial transforms (JPTs)-based entropy measures to analyze the complexity and discriminate the bivariate focal (F) and non-focal (NF) EEG signals. Jacobi polynomial transforms namely discrete Legendre transform (DLT) and discrete Chebyshev transform (DChT) are applied to separate F and NF EEG signals into their different rhythms. Furthermore, entropy measures like approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SampEn), permutation entropy (PermEn), fuzzy entropy (FuzzyEn) and increment entropy (IncrEn) are extracted. For direct discrimination between F and NF EEG signals, extracted entropies are combined to define different features vectors that are fed as inputs of two kernel machines namely the least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) and simple multi-layer perceptron neural network (sMLPNN). Experimental results demonstrated that our methodology achieved the highest performance of 98.33% sensitivity, 98.00% specificity, and 98.17% accuracy in discriminating F and NF EEG signals with sMLPNN classifier. In addition, our methodology will be useful to clinicians in providing an accurate and objective paradigm for locating epilepsy-affected brain areas.
Abstract: Electroencephalogram (EEG) remains the primary technique in the diagnosis and localization of partial epilepsy seizures. Despite the advent of modern neuroimaging techniques, the use of EEG signals for locating epilepsy-affected brain areas is still convenient. That is why during these last decades, several computer-aided detection (CAD) methodolog...
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Decentralization of Nigeria Air Power: Army’s Drone (UCAV) Reconnaissance, Strike/Fire Complex Combat System
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
38-52
Received:
7 December 2020
Accepted:
13 January 2021
Published:
26 August 2021
Abstract: Military power has been a centerpiece in the negotiation of state formation and geopolitical stability. The business of the arm forces of nations has been from a historical perspective anchored on the defense of its sovereign territorial integrity, and the advancement of national interest afar. The advent of the modern state system has seen a reshape in the way and manner with which war is waged. Central to the changes in the conduct of war is the revolution in military affairs. The introduction of aviation resources to the conduct of war in the 20s speaks volumes of the ever-changing strategic environment. The weapon system of the first and second world wars will no doubt be unimaginable to the strategists of the renaissance era. The age of reason has thus passed different phases; the sky has steadily remain a significant part of the domain of warfare. However, the nature of warfare has not remained stagnant. Airpower, which is the weaponization of aviation resources have passed through various phases. Airpower no doubt emerged in the war toolkit of the symmetric threat environment of the twenties, but its demand in the asymmetric threat environment of the 21st century has led to more innovation in capabilities, nature, and missions, and debate for a policy change in command and control. A debate, whose literatures were all-encompassing in the American discourses on strategy, capability, and operations. This article brings the debate on the changing role of airpower, and the need for more reliance on drones and decentralized command and control between the Airforce and the Army in the current threat environment, from a Nigerian perspective. As the battle against Boko Haram ranges, the need for arm overwatch and arm overmatch that aids maneuvering the battlefield and it gray zones to defeat the terrorism, and guerrilla insurgent groups becomes critical in shaping the northeast theater in the image of the Nigerian positive peace. Therefore, the need for drone ISR and fire/strike capabilities to become organic to surface forces, in tonaid the encirclement and obliteration of enemy through observation, orientation, decision, and actions line of operation, which is the critical role of effective battlefield operating system, a mechanism the theater commander employs combat power towards the destruction or exhuastion of the enemy. It should be noted that this article relied on secondary data collection.
Abstract: Military power has been a centerpiece in the negotiation of state formation and geopolitical stability. The business of the arm forces of nations has been from a historical perspective anchored on the defense of its sovereign territorial integrity, and the advancement of national interest afar. The advent of the modern state system has seen a resha...
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A Novel MAC Protocol for Energy Conservation in Wireless Body Area Networks
Shima Darvishzadeh Nesheli,
Ahmad Majidnia,
Mehdi Golesorkhtabaramiri,
Maedeh Farokhzad
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
53-60
Received:
17 July 2021
Accepted:
26 September 2021
Published:
29 October 2021
Abstract: Body sensor networks are an example of wireless sensor networks. Body Sensor Network is a kind of wireless sensor network for a special purpose that uses wireless sensor nodes to measure a person's biological parameters and monitor his or her health remotely and is available in both wearable and implantable types. These systems also monitor physical activity such as environmental parameters. These systems can provide significant assistance by supplying services such as medical observations and the provision of medicinal and medical information, improving the memory of individuals and controlling home devices and communicating in emergencies. Body wireless sensor network is a wireless technology featuring small, smart devices that connect to the body and monitor it continuously, enhancing early detection of emergency situations in patients at high health risk and providing a wide range of health services, therefore of paramount importance. The most important challenges in wireless sensor networks are sensor nodes, resource constraints, reliability and quality of service, security and routing, and energy consumption constraints. In this article, we focused on energy consumption due to small sensors with limit power resource and latency for emergency data to improve network lifetime, energy consumption, network efficiency and lower latency. This research will provide a way to optimize energy consumption by examining the energy exhaustion and network performance in the MAC layer. It assumed that by improving the access to MAC in wireless body area network can have better operation power and by propound the energy parameter in data transition priority. Optimizing energy consumption and minimizing delays and increasing the latency are the goals of this study by modify the IEEE 802.15.4 superframe structure based on MAC layer protocol.
Abstract: Body sensor networks are an example of wireless sensor networks. Body Sensor Network is a kind of wireless sensor network for a special purpose that uses wireless sensor nodes to measure a person's biological parameters and monitor his or her health remotely and is available in both wearable and implantable types. These systems also monitor physica...
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Analysis of Design Parameters on Substation Earth Grid Safety Limits
Vuyani Michael Nicholas Dladla,
Agha Francis Nnachi,
Rembuluwani Philip Tshubwana
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
61-72
Received:
17 May 2022
Accepted:
10 June 2022
Published:
31 August 2022
Abstract: In power systems, earthing is one of the most fundamental aspects that play a key role in ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment in a substation as well as reliable operation of the power system. Various elements within the earthing system scope play a vital role in ensuring compliance with relevant specifications, and these include design parameters such as soil resistivity, system fault level, conductor size, and the safety limits of touch voltage, step voltage, and the ground potential rise (GPR). In this paper, the influence of design parameters such as earth grid surface materials and asymmetrical fault currents on the design and performance of earthing systems are modeled, simulated, and analyzed. The Wenner four-pin method was used to conduct soil surveys and the collected data was used to design an earth grid according to the IEEE Std 80-2013 guidelines. The Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) and MATLAB/Simulation engineering tools were used to model and analyze the design parameters. ETAP was used to assess the impact of different surface materials and MATLAB/Simulink was used to assess the influence of asymmetrical fault currents on the earth grid. From the analysis of the surface materials, it was observed that the crusher run granite is the most effective surface material for earth grids compared to the other surface materials studied. Furthermore, the impact of the surface material depth was studied using the crushed rocks, and results show that the depth of the surface material has an impact on the tolerable safety limits. Analyses were conducted in MATLAB/Simulink to assess the impact of asymmetrical faults (Line to Ground and Double Line to Ground) on touch voltage, step voltage, and ground potential rise. From the simulations, it was observed that the type of fault determines the magnitude of touch voltage, step voltage, and ground potential rise. From the analyses, it is concluded that the crusher run granite stones are the most effective surface material and should be used for earth grid designs, also, that the surface material should be buried as close to the surface as possible. Lastly, it is concluded that the type of system fault determines the magnitude of touch voltage, step voltage, and ground potential rise.
Abstract: In power systems, earthing is one of the most fundamental aspects that play a key role in ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment in a substation as well as reliable operation of the power system. Various elements within the earthing system scope play a vital role in ensuring compliance with relevant specifications, and these include design ...
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